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   I believe many people are familiar with ibuprofen, especially female friends. We take ibuprofen selectively when we have stomachache, headache and fever. Many people even take ibuprofen wherever they feel pain. Is ibuprofen really a panacea for pain? What side effects will ibuprofen have?

   what is ibuprofen

   ibuprofen is an antipyretic analgesic, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This product can inhibit cyclooxygenase, reduce the synthesis of prostaglandins, produce analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and play an antipyretic role through the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center.

Efficacy and action of ibuprofen

   dexibuprofen has antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It belongs to non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and is an isomer of ibuprofen. The mechanism of action is the same as that of ibuprofen, mainly through inhibiting cyclooxygenase, reducing the synthesis and release of prostaglandins, and playing antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Compared with ibuprofen, dexibuprofen has faster onset time and stronger effect. Clinically, d-ibuprofen can be used to relieve fever, as well as mild and moderate pain, such as headache, arthralgia, neuralgia, myalgia, toothache, dysmenorrhea and other related symptoms.

Attention should be paid to the use of this drug. Alcohol should not be drunk during the medication period. It is not recommended to use this drug for a long time and continuously. It is generally used for antipyretic for no more than three days and analgesia for no more than five days. It should also be noted when using d-ibuprofen that concomitant administration of drugs with the same or similar pharmacological effects as d-ibuprofen should be avoided.

   under what circumstances is ibuprofen inappropriate

   1. Have heart disease: although taking low-dose aspirin can help prevent heart attack, there is a correlation between other analgesics (including ibuprofen) in the family of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the increased odds of heart attack or stroke. In the first month of taking non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and those taking high doses are at greater risk.

   2. Taking anticoagulants: anticoagulants (such as warfarin) and antiplatelet drugs (such as clopidogrel) can prevent thrombosis. The former is usually used in high-risk stroke patients (such as patients with atrial fibrillation or undergoing prosthetic heart valve replacement surgery), or patients with pulmonary embolism. The latter is usually used for patients who have had a heart attack or stroke, which is a way to prevent their heart disease from happening again. The combination of these drugs with ibuprofen increases the risk of hemorrhagic complications.

   3. Gastrointestinal problems: ibuprofen not only stimulates the vascular intima of the stomach and intestine, but also reduces the blood flow in the region and weakens its own repair ability. If you have digestive problems (such as inflammatory bowel disease, IBD for short), you should be careful when taking these drugs. They are ineffective for IBD related pain.

   4. Pregnancy: ibuprofen can cause harm to the fetus, increase the risk of abortion in the first trimester, and increase the risk of fetal heart defects in the third trimester. It is also inappropriate for pregnant women to take ibuprofen during childbirth because it may cause prolonged bleeding.

   5. Urinary tract infection: non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be useful for the treatment of urinary tract infection. In addition to relieving pain, it can also reduce disease recurrence and help avoid antibiotic resistance.

   6. Arthritis: Patients with arthritis take ibuprofen and other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for a long time to treat pain caused by arthritis. Due to its negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system. For patients with rheumatoid arthritis, taking non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not enough to control inflammation to prevent further joint damage.

   7. Drinking alcohol: both alcohol and NSAIDs can stimulate the stomach. Combining the two will stimulate the stomach even more and increase the risk of gastric ulcer and liver injury.

   8. Asthma: ibuprofen and other NSAIDs inhibit inflammation by inhibiting an enzyme that reduces the production of a substance called prostaglandin, which contributes to healing. Intervention with prostaglandins may aggravate asthma.

   who is not suitable for ibuprofen

   1. Pregnant women and lactating women: the third week to the end of the third month of pregnancy is an important period for the differentiation and formation of embryonic organs, which belongs to the "teratogenic highly sensitive period", so whether ibuprofen or other drugs, they have a great impact on the development of the fetus. Taking ibuprofen in the third trimester of pregnancy can prolong the pregnancy and cause dystocia or prolonged labor. After lactating mothers take ibuprofen, the drug may be absorbed by infants through milk, so pregnant women and lactating women should ban ibuprofen.

   2. Patients with allergic rhinitis and asthmatic nasal polyps: people with allergic rhinitis and asthmatic nasal polyps should be cautious when using ibuprofen for the first time. Because ibuprofen has the potential to induce bronchospasm, which can aggravate or induce asthma, especially mild asthma, children should be banned.

   3. Patients with renal insufficiency: ibuprofen is used as antipyretic and analgesic for a short time. If it is used in large quantities for a long time, renal function damage may occur after ibuprofen, so ibuprofen should be banned for patients with renal insufficiency.

   4. Patients with blood diseases: ibuprofen may prolong the bleeding time or aggravate the bleeding tendency, so patients with blood diseases should be cautious with ibuprofen.

   5. Patients with cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, edema and systemic lupus erythematosus: Taking ibuprofen may lead to water retention and edema in patients. Patients with lupus erythematosus have a high risk of anaphylaxis when taking ibuprofen, so they must be used with caution.

   6. The elderly should be cautious about the use of ibuprofen. This is mainly because the elderly's physical decline may be accompanied by chronic diseases such as arteriosclerosis, cardiac function decline, liver and kidney function decline. Taking normal doses of ibuprofen may also cause adverse drug reactions.

   7. History of peptic ulcer: Taking ibuprofen is prone to gastrointestinal side effects, including new ulcers, so people with a history of peptic ulcer or potential risk factors should use it with caution.

   8. Allergy to other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: ibuprofen belongs to antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, and people allergic to the same kind of drugs such as aspirin, dipyrone, indomethacin, butazone, etc. should also ban this drug.

   what are the side effects of taking ibuprofen for a long time

   ibuprofen is a drug. Any drug that you eat too much will have side effects. In fact, it is not a side effect, but a toxic effect. Because the dosage cannot be increased at will, normal use of ibuprofen drugs will have side effects.

   1. For the stimulatory effect on the gastrointestinal tract, if the patient has stomach disease or ulcer, or takes immunosuppressant, he should be very careful when using ibuprofen. It is recommended not to eat on an empty stomach, because the gastrointestinal tract may be damaged or inflamed due to the stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. If you take the medicine, it may aggravate, and may also cause gastrointestinal bleeding.

   2. Ibuprofen has the effect of reducing fever. If fever patients take ibuprofen, they may sweat profusely, especially older people who are physically poor. If they sweat a lot, sweating profusely will cause collapse and blood pressure drop.

   3. Ibuprofen can also cause liver and kidney function damage, because detoxification may require liver organs, so long-term use should pay attention to the examination of liver and kidney organ function.

   health tips: drugs are three kinds of poisons. No matter what kind of drugs we take in our daily life, it is harmful to our body. So we must take them on time and according to the amount. Don't increase the dosage yourself. If we increase the dosage, it may cause irreversible harm to our body.